Figure 29.

Schematics of the mechanics of fretting [40]. (a) Elastic bending strains under an applied bending moment, M, in conjunction with rigidly bound contact point (triangles) can give rise to elastically-based displacements, Δ, in the taper. (b) Zoom-in of elastic fretting strains with the displacement being dependent on the bending stress, elastic modulus and distance from the rigid contact. (c) Schematic of a zoom-in onto the contact region within a modular taper. Crevice solution can creep to the contacts and the interface will consist of asperity-asperity contact and both normal and frictional stresses. (d) Close-up of metal-oxide surfaces in asperity contact, causing contact stresses, local surface deformation and oxide debris generation [40]. Reprinted with permission from Springer Nature.