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Four bimorph laminate orientation combinations. Orange indicates magnetostrictive (MS) material, blue the piezoelectric (PE) material, and black the location of the PE electrodes. Additionally, the letters in the mode names, T for transverse and L for longitudinal, indicate the orientation of the MS material and PE material, respectively. (a): L-T Mode; (b) T-T Mode; (c) L-L Mode; (d) T-L Mode. Compiled from [12,13,14,15].
