Table 3.

The overview of lipase-based electrochemical assays.

Origin of Used Lipase	Principle of Lipase Use in the Assay	Analyte	Limit of Detection	References
fungus Candida rugosa	lipase was immobilized on a glass pH electrode and converted tributyrin, which caused a decrease of pH; methyl-paraoxon stopped the reaction	methyl-parathion	93 µmol/L	[54]
porcine pancreate	lipase was immobilized on an ISFET and hydrolyzed triglycerides as an analyte, a change in pH was recorded	triacetin, tributyrin and triolein	around 1 mmol/L	[56]
bacterium Burkholderia cepacia	lipase was immobilized on zeolitic nanoparticles and then into chitosan on a glassy carbon electrode, pesticides like methyl parathion were hydrolyzed to p-nitrophenyl that was electrochemically oxidized in the next step	methyl parathion	0.28 µmo/L	[57]
fungus Candida rugosa	lipase converted p-nitrophenyl acetate to p-nitrophenol and acetic acid, p-nitrophenol was oxidized and a current at 0.024 V was recorded, analytes inhibited lipase and stopped the reaction	chlorfenvinphos, malathion	84.5 µmol/L for chlorfenvinphos and 282 µmol/L for malathion	[58]
fungus Candida rugosa and porcine pancreas	lipase converted diazinon to diethyl phosphorothioic acid and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine. which caused a change in the impedance of the medium	diazinon	10 nmol/L (fungal lipase), 100 nmol/L (porcine pancreas lipase)	[60]