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. 2019 Jan 30;24(3):498. doi: 10.3390/molecules24030498

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids found in Borago officinalis (borage): (A) Flower of B. officinalis. Young flowers show a bright blue color while older flowers exhibit, because of a lower pH, a slightly reddish coloration. (B) Leaves of B. officinalis contain the supinidine-type PAs amabiline and supinine and the retronecine-type lycopsamine and intermedine as well as their 7-acetylated derivatives. Seeds contain mainly the (-)-isoretronecanol-type PA thesinine and its glucoside thesinine-4′-O-β-d-glucoside.