Table 1.
Nanoparticle (NP) formulations for photosensitizer (PS).
| Vehicle | PS Encapsulated | Dose | Mechanism | Remarks | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manganese ferrite MS NP | Ce6 | 8 mM 200 μL (i.v) | Single photon (<1 cm) |
Dramatically inhibited tumor growth | [45] |
| Poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) | MB | 10 mg/kg (i.v) | Single photon (<1 cm) |
Complete response in NP with PDT group | [44] |
| Perfluorocarbon | IR780 | 7.8 μg IR780 (i.t) | Single photon (<1 cm) |
Inhibited 80% of tumor growth | [68] |
| Manganese dioxide NP | Indocyanine green | 3.6 mg/mL (i.v) | Single photon (<1 cm) |
Complete response in NP with PDT group | [69] |
| NaYF4:Yb,Tm | TiO2 | 0.1 g/tumor (i.t) | Single photon a (1–2 cm) |
50% of the animals surviving up to 45 and 55 days | [70] |
| NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ | graphene quantum dot | Single photon a (1–2 cm) |
Tumor inhibition efficacy ~70.2% | [71] | |
| NaYF4 | Ce6 | 32 mg/kg (i.t) | Single photon a (1–2 cm) |
Tumors on 70% mice disappeared in two weeks | [72] |
| NaYF4:Yb,Tm @SiO2 | TiO2 | 0.1 g/tumor (i.t) | Single photon a (1–2 cm) |
Inhibited 87.5% of tumor growth | [73] |
| MS NP | PS22 | 16 mg/kg (i.v.) | Two photon (≥2 cm) b |
Inhibited 71% of tumor growth | [49] |
| MS-Encased Au NR | PdTPP | 16 mg/kg (i.t) | Two photon (≥2 cm) b |
Inhibited 77% of tumor growth | [57] |
| Hyperbranched polymer HCP@HPE | Ce6 | 0.10 mmol/kg Chlorin e6 (i.v) | Two photon (≥2 cm) b |
87 % of tumor growth is suppressed compared to control | [74] |
| DSPE-PEG 2000 | PT2 | 100 μL, 500 μg/mL (i.v) | Two photon (≥2 cm) b |
No apparent tumor growth was observed for 18 days | [75] |
| RuCD | 5-Fu | 25 mg/kg (i.t) | Two photon (≥2 cm) b |
Tumor volume decreased by 85% compared to control | [76] |
a Upconversion NP; b maximum depth is limited by the available average power.