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. 2019 Feb 21;9:2494. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39579-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on cell motility. (a) The motility of AuNPs-treated cells were monitored via a gap-filling assay. The migration rate decreased when cells were treated with MUAM-AuNPs (10 μg/ml) (*p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). (b) In vitro actin polymerization assay was performed on HeLa cells treated with modified AuNPs (10 μg/ml). The rate of actin polymerization did not change noticeably when treated with AuNPs. (c) Cytoskeletal structures in AuNPs-treated cells were visualized using fluorescent phalloidin (DAPI-stained nucleus, blue; actin filaments, red). F-actins in MUAM-AuNPs treated cells were disassembled and fragmented (white arrows). Scale bar: 50 μm.