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. 2019 Feb 21;9:2494. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39579-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gene expression profiles of HeLa cells treated with cationic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (a) Global gene expression profiles of the cationic AuNPs (MUAM-, CP1-, and CP2-AuNPs) treated cells were analysed by principal component analysis. The MUAM-AuNPs treated cells showed unique gene expression patterns, while the CP1- and CP2-AuNPs treated samples showed the patterns similar to the control. (b) Heat map analysis of gene expression pattern shows hierarchical clustering of 1,156 differentially expressed genes between MUAM-AuNPs treated samples and the group of three other samples. Red and blue colours indicate up- and down-expression levels, respectively.