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. 2019 Feb 22;9:2585. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39255-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Distinct neural activation patterns in lateral prefrontal regions of preschool children from the poverty and no-poverty groups. Averaged overall near-infrared spectroscopy data were compared between task and rest phases. Each channel consisted of one emitter optode and one detector optode. The regions of interest were located near F3 and F4 of the 10/20 system, corresponding to channels 2 4 and 5 (right hemisphere) and channels 13 and 14 (left hemisphere), respectively. The numbers (1–16) indicate the channels of the NIRS probe. Low-SES children exhibited hypoactivation in the lateral prefrontal region.