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. 2019 Feb 22;10:908. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08849-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Iminyl radical from anion-radical redox relay. a Pathway for the copper-catalyzed anion-radical redox relay. b The anion-radical redox relay of 1a and 2a in the presence of 2 mol% CuSO₄ affords 85% of 3a. c TEMPO inhibits the anion-radical redox was confirmed by the observation of 1a-OTEMP adduct. d No Ullmann-type intramolecular cyclization was observed