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. 2019 Feb 21;9:2520. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37525-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Feasibility of tracer-based analysis from donor liver samples. Overlaid sections from ¹H-¹³C -HSQC of polar extracts from hepatocytes isolated from a donor liver sample. Black and blue resonances arise from samples exposed for 4.5h to media containing unlabeled glucose and [U-¹³C]glucose, respectively. Panels show the spectral regions for L-alanine C3 (a), L-lactic acid C3 (b), L-glycine C2 (c), L-glutamic acid C3 (d), phosphorylcholine C1 (e) and L-glutathione C3 (f). Phosphorylcholine was not enriched and is included as a scaling reference but the other metabolites were enriched by [U-¹³C]Glucose.