Table 1.
Socio-demographic and clinical data of diabetic patients with and without foot ulcer.
| Total | DM | FU | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | 250 | 150 | 100 | ||
| Age (years) | 56.8 ± 12.4 | 56.9 ± 12.6 | 56.5 ± 12.3 | 0.798 | |
| Age categories (years) | ⩽40 | 27 (10.8) | 16 (10.7) | 11 (11.0) | 0.911 |
| ⩽60 | 134 (53.6) | 79 (52.7) | 55 (55.0) | ||
| ⩽80 | 89 (35.6) | 55 (36.7) | 34 (34.0) | ||
| Sex | Female | 181 (72.4) | 109 (72.7) | 72 (72.0) | 0.908 |
| Male | 69 (27.6) | 41 (27.3) | 28 (28.0) | ||
| Nationality | Saudi | 187 (74.8) | 111 (74.0) | 76 (76.0) | 0.721 |
| Non-Saudi | 53 (21.2) | 39 (26.0) | 24 (24.0) | ||
| Residence | Rural | 192 (76.8) | 121 (80.7) | 71 (71.0) | 0.076 |
| Urban | 58 (23.2) | 29 (19.3) | 29 (29.0) | ||
| Marital status | Single | 17 (6.8) | 11 (7.3) | 6 (6.0) | 0.251 |
| Married | 156 (62.4) | 89 (59.3) | 67 (67.0) | ||
| Divorced | 62 (24.8) | 43 (28.7) | 19 (19.0) | ||
| Widowed | 15 (6.0) | 7 (4.7) | 8 (8.0) | ||
| Occupation | Unemployed | 27 (10.8) | 16 (10.7) | 11 (11.0) | 0.102 |
| Employed | 165 (66.0) | 106 (70.7) | 59 (59.0) | ||
| Retired | 58 (23.2) | 28 (18.7) | 30 (30.0) | ||
| Personal income level (SR/month) | <2000 | 31 (12.4 | 21 (14.0) | 10 (10.0) | 0.300 |
| 2000–10,000 | 198 (79.2) | 114 (76.0) | 84 (84.0) | ||
| >1000 | 21 (8.4) | 15 (10.0) | 6 (6.0) | ||
| Educational level | Illiterate | 38 (15.2) | 23 (15.3) | 15 (15.0) | 0.801 |
| High school | 138 (53.6) | 78 (52.0) | 56 (56.0) | ||
| University | 78 (31.2) | 49 (32.7) | 29 (29.0) | ||
| Weight (kg) | 76.1 ± 14.5 | 75.8 ± 14.5 | 76.4 ± 14.6 | 0.747 | |
| Height (cm) | 159.7 ± 8.2 | 159.5 ± 8.1 | 160.1 ± 8.4 | 0.662 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.9 ± 6.2 | 28.3 ± 6.2 | 30.2 ± 6.2 | 0.931 | |
| BMI categories | Normal weight | 55 (22.0) | 33 (22.0) | 22 (22.0) | 0.998 |
| Overweight | 93 (37.2) | 56 (37.3) | 37 (37.0) | ||
| Class I obesity | 59 (23.6) | 35 (23.3) | 24 (24.0) | ||
| Class II obesity | 19 (7.6) | 12 (8.0) | 7 (7.0) | ||
| Class III obesity | 24 (9.6) | 14 (9.3) | 10 (10.0) | ||
| Family history of DM | Negative | 195 (78.0) | 118 (78.7) | 77 (77.0) | 0.758 |
| Positive | 55 (22.0) | 32 (21.3) | 23 (23.0) | ||
| Smoking | Non-smoker | 17 (6.8) | 11 (7.3) | 6 (6.0) | 0.800 |
| Smoker | 233 (93.2) | 139 (92.7) | 94 (94.0) | ||
| Hypertension | Negative | 150 (60.0) | 90 (60.0) | 60 (60.0) | 1.000 |
| Positive | 100 (40.0) | 60 (40.0) | 40 (40.0) | ||
| Other comorbidities | Negative | 169 (67.6) | 96 (64.0) | 73 (73.0) | 0.136 |
| Positive | 81 (32.4) | 54 (36.0) | 27 (27.0) | ||
| Duration of diabetes | Newly diagnosed | 17 (6.8) | 11 (7.3) | 6 (6.0) | 0.986 |
| ⩽10 years | 122 (48.8) | 73 (48.7) | 49 (49.0) | ||
| ⩽20 years | 74 (29.6) | 43 (28.7) | 31 (31.0) | ||
| ⩽30 years | 32 (12.8) | 20 (13.3) | 12 (12.0) | ||
| >30 years | 5 (2.0) | 3 (2.0) | 2 (2.0) | ||
| Glycemic control | Diet | 9 (3.6) | 6 (4.0) | 3 (3.0) | 0.869 |
| Oral | 190 (76.0) | 114 (76.0) | 76 (76.0) | ||
| Insulin | 31 (12.4) | 17 (11.3) | 14 (14.0) | ||
| Oral + insulin | 20 (8.0) | 13 (8.7) | 7 (7.0) | ||
| Medication regularity | Regular | 207 (82.8) | 128 (85.3) | 79 (79.0) | 0.193 |
| Irregular | 43 (17.2) | 22 (14.7) | 21 (21.0) | ||
| Autonomic neuropathy | Negative | 232 (92.8) | 143 (95.3) | 89 (89.0) | 0.057 |
| Positive | 28 (11.2) | 7 (4.7) | 11 (21.0) |
DM: diabetes mellitus; FU: diabetic patients with foot ulcer; comorbidities: heart and renal diseases; SR: Saudi Riyal.
Irregular drug intake = compliance <90% in last month. Student’s t and chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests were used for comparison.