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. 2019 Feb 21;9:2489. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38884-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Variation in BCH over time in the four groups. Lines and shadowed areas represent fitted GAMMs and 95% confident intervals respectively. (b) Means (symbols), medians and quantiles (boxes) for each group in the three seasons. Vertical segments indicate significant differences from the posthoc comparisons between groups in each season, as revealed by the LMM. Only comparisons within seasons are shown here. ^·P = 0.06; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Examples of short-term changes in BCH of four individuals from (c) “constant temperature”, (d) “natural temperature”, (e) “natural late” and (f) “free-ranging”. Dots connected with dashed lines indicate repeated measurements of BCH for each individual. Solid lines and shadowed areas represent fitted GAMMs and 95% confident intervals respectively, each individual’s panels includes the curve corresponding to all animals from its group. (g) Repeated measurements of BCH in a long lived individual illustrating a second shrink-regrowth cycle. Vertical black lines at the left of each panel (c–g) represent the technical error of measurement as calculated in Lázaro et al.¹⁰.