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. 2019 Feb 22;9:2567. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37495-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of cocaine on transmigration of HIV-1 particles. (A) Cell-free virions were used for transmigration assays. Infectivity of these virions were measured by TZM-bl based luciferase reporter assay. (B) Schematic representation of transmigration assay of HIV-1 particles through the endothelial cell barrier. To measure transmigration of HIV-1 particles, 8 × 10⁴ HBMECs were seeded on a transwell for 7 days. Thereafter, virions (200 μL) were added to the upper chamber and transmigration was measured by using the media in the lower chamber in TZM-bl based infectivity assay. (C) Transmigration of HIV-1 particles after 24 h as measured by infectivity. (D) Infectivity of virions added to the upper chamber. Data represents the mean ± SEM of at least three independent determinations.