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. 2019 Feb 22;9:2567. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37495-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of cocaine on transmigration of monocytic cells across endothelial cell barrier. THP1 monocytic cells were added to the upper chamber of a HBMEC monolayer established on a trans-well insert and transmigration of cells was measured in untreated and cocaine-treated (50 μM) samples by counting cells in the lower chamber. (A) Transmigration data as measured by number of THP1 cells in the lower chamber. (B) Relative transmigration data plotted as fold change over control untreated cells. (C) Effects of MMP inhibition on the transmigration of THP-1 monocytes. The HBMEC monolayer was treated with cocaine or cocaine + GM6011 followed by addition of THP-1 cells. (D) Effects of Prolidase on cocaine-induced transmigration of THP-1 monocytes. Prolidase expressing and prolidase knock-down HBMEC monolayer was treated with cocaine (50 μM) followed by addition of THP-1 cells. Data represents the mean ± SEM of at least three determinations. *P < 0.05 represents statistical comparison of untreated and cocaine-treated samples, whereas that of cocaine-treated sample with and without MMP inhibitor in Panel (C) and prolidase knock-down in Panel (D) are depicted by **P < 0.05.