Table 2.
Multivariable linear regression models examining biomass exposure in relation to spirometry, analyzed as raw data, Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) percent predicted and GLI z-score, in Indian adults aged 20–62.
| Model 1: Raw Spirometric Data† | Model 2: GLI Percent Predicted (pp)* | Model 3: GLI Z-ScoreΩ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PE (SE) | p | PE (SE) | p | PE (SE) | p | |||
| FEV1 | −0.05 (0.17) | 0.80 | FEV1 pp | −2.85 (7.05) | 0.69 | FEV1 z-score | −0.19 (0.49) | 0.70 |
| FVC | 0.18 (0.19) | 0.36 | FVC pp | 4.88 (6.91) | 0.48 | FVC z-score | 0.34 (0.49) | 0.49 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | −7.0 (3.4) | 0.04 | FEV1/FVC pp | −7.62 (3.88) | 0.05 | FEV1/FVC z-score | −0.86 (0.43) | 0.05 |
| FEF25–75 | −0.75 (0.41) | 0.07 | FEF25–75 pp | −25.78 | 0.05 | FEF25–75 z-score | −1.24 (0.63) | 0.05 |
†Adjusted for age, height, ethnicity, education level, any tobacco smoke exposure, duration of cooking as primary cook, and secondary solid fuel burning.
*Using GLI equations (which account for age, sex, race, height) to determine percent predicted (pp) values. Models adjusted for education level, any tobacco smoke exposure, duration of cooking as primary cook, and secondary solid fuel burning.
ΩGLI z-scores are independent of sex, age, and height. Models adjusted for education level, any tobacco smoke exposure, duration of cooking as primary cook, and secondary solid fuel burning.