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. 2019 Feb 21;9:2482. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38906-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Serologic and phenotypic characterization of ex vivo B cells after influenza vaccination. (A) Fold change (3 wks post-vaccination/baseline) H1N1 HAI titer for each individual. The dotted line shows the threshold for discriminating between responders and non-responders. (B) B cell Elispot data from 3 wks post-vaccination showing IgG production in response to H1N1 stimulation for 5 days. *denotes p < 0.05 after t test comparing HC and HIV groups. (C) Gating scheme for isolating H1N1-specific B cells. Frequency of (D) CD20+ B cells, (E) IgD- B cells, and (F) H1N1-specific B cells in study participants.