Table 1.

Composition of experimental diets in Experiments.

	CT (AIN-93G)	% CNc	3% CN + Cyss	3% WP	3% WG
[INGREDIENT]	(g/kg diet)
Casein	200	30	30	0	0
Whey protein isolate	0	0	0	28	00
Wheat gluten	0	0	0	0	31
L-Cystine	3	0	0.45	0	0
Cornstarch	397	421	421	423	415
Dextrinized cornstarch	132	281	281	281	281
Sucrose	100	100	100	100	100
Cellulose	50	50	50	50	50
Soybean oil	70	70	70	70	70
t-Butylhydroquinone	0.014	0.014	0.014	0.014	0.014
AIN-93 mineral mixture	35	0	0	0	35
Modified mineral mmixturea	0	35	35	35	0
AIN-93 vitamin mixture	10	10	10	10	10
Choline BITARTRATE	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
[NUTRIENTS]	(g/kg diet)
Energyb	15397.1	15418.0	15418.0	15422.2	15455.7
Protein	180.7	28.3	27.9	27.4	27.2
Isoleucine	9.20	1.40	1.40	1.74	1.15
Leucine	16.0	2.40	2.40	3.95	2.18
Lysine	13.69	2.08	2.08	3.20	0.49
Methione	5.10	0.80	0.80	0.70	0.46
Cyss	3.80	0.10	0.60	1.02	0.64
Phenylalanine	8.70	1.30	1.30	1.06	1.57
Tyrosine	9.50	1.40	1.40	1.13	1.05
Threonine	7.10	1.10	1.10	1.44	0.76
Tryptophan	2.10	0.30	0.30	0.71	0.26
Valine	11.50	1.70	1.70	1.53	1.15
Histidine	5.10	0.80	0.80	0.56	0.64
Arginine	6.30	0.90	0.90	0.70	1.03
Alanine	5.10	0.80	0.80	1.54	0.76
Asparatic Acid	12.00	1.80	1.80	3.50	0.95
Glutamic Acid	36.20	5.40	5.40	5.03	10.08
Glycine	3.10	0.50	0.50	0.48	1.01
Proline	19.70	3.00	3.00	1.22	3.44
Serine	8.90	1.30	1.30	1.07	1.40

^aAIN-93G mineral mixture was modified, replacing part of the CaCO₃ with CaHPO₄, to make Ca/P ratios in the diets close to that of AIN-93G.

^bkJ/kg diet.

^c3% CN diet was supplemented with glutathione (1.15 g/kg), glutathione disulfide (1.15 g/kg), or glutamic acid (0.56 g/kg) + cystine (0.45 g/kg) + glycine (0.29 g/kg), to formulate 3% CN + GSH, 3% CN + GSSG, or 3% CN + Glu/Cyss/Gly diet.

CN, CT, Cyss, Glu, Gly GSH, and GSSG, WG, and WP denote casein, control, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, glutathione, glutathione disulfide, wheat gluten, and whey protein, respectively.