Figure 1. A map showing natural distribution of C. paliurus (dotted line box) and geographical locations of 21 populations sampled in this study (red flag).

The populations codes were as follows: S1 (Guniujiang), S2 (Jixi) and S3 (Shucheng) from Anhui province; S4 (Niumulin) and S5 (Pucheng) from Fujian province; S6 (Baise), S7 (Jinzhongshan), S8 (Longsheng) and S9 (Ziyuan) from Guangxi province; S10 (Jianhe), S11 (Shiqian) and S12 (Yinjiang) from Guizhou province; S13 (Hefeng) and S14 (Wufeng) from Hubei province; S15 (Yongshun) from Hunan province; S16 (Fenyi) and S17 (Xiushui) from Jiangxi province; S18 (Muchuan), S19 (Qingchuan) from Sichuan province; S20 (Lueyang) from Shanxi province; S21(Anji) from Zhejiang province). For the detailed geographical and climatic information, please see Supplementary File (Table S1).