Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics
| Characteristics | Non-CAD patients | All ACS | P-value* | ACS patients | P-value^ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thin-cap fibroatheroma | ||||||
| No | Yes | |||||
| n=15 | n=74 | n=30 | n=44 | |||
| Age, years | 68.3±12.0 | 67.0±10.6 | 0.68 | 64.9±10.4 | 68.5±10.5 | 0.16 |
| Male | 10 (66.7%) | 56 (75.7%) | 0.52 | 25 (83.3%) | 31 (70.5%) | 0.27 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.8±6.3 | 23.8±3.2 | 0.07 | 24.6±2.7 | 23.3±3.5 | 0.09 |
| Current smoking | 3 (20.0%) | 33 (44.6%) | 0.09 | 14 (46.7%) | 19 (43.2%) | 0.82 |
| Hypertension | 10 (66.7%) | 51 (68.9%) | >0.99 | 23 (76.7%) | 28 (63.6%) | 0.31 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (33.3%) | 25 (33.8%) | >0.99 | 10 (33.3%) | 15 (34.1%) | >0.99 |
| Dyslipidemia | 8 (53.3%) | 57 (78.6%) | 0.10 | 22 (73.3%) | 35 (79.5%) | 0.58 |
| Clinical diagnosis | 0.26 | |||||
| Unstable angina pectoris | 16 (21.6%) | 9 (30.0%) | 7 (15.9%) | |||
| NSTEMI | 29 (39.2%) | 12 (40.0%) | 17 (38.6%) | |||
| STEMI | 29 (39.2%) | 9 (30.0%) | 20 (45.5%) | |||
| Culprit coronary artery | 0.24 | |||||
| Left anterior descending | 41 (55.4%) | 20 (66.7%) | 21 (47.7%) | |||
| Left circumflex | 14 (18.9%) | 5 (16.7%) | 9 (20.5%) | |||
| Right | 19 (25.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | 14 (31.8%) | |||
| Stent | 0.82 | |||||
| Any drug-eluting stent | 43 (58.1%) | 18 (60.0%) | 25 (56.8%) | |||
| Only bare-metal stent | 31 (41.9%) | 12 (40.0%) | 19 (43.2%) | |||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 59.7±10.4 | 57.3±13.4 | 60.7±7.3 | 0.18 | ||
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 70.6±18.7 | 68.7±21.1 | 0.74 | 72.9±28.9 | 65.8±13.0 | 0.16 |
| HMG-CoA RIs before admission | 16 (21.6%) | 7 (23.3%) | 9 (20.5%) | 0.78 | ||
| Medication at Endo-PAT examination | ||||||
| HMG-CoA RIs | 4 (26.7%) | 73 (98.6%) | <0.001 | 29 (96.7%) | 44 (100%) | 0.41 |
| Beta blocker | 3 (20.0%) | 48 (64.9%) | 0.003 | 19 (63.3%) | 29 (65.9%) | >0.99 |
| ACE-I or ARB | 9 (60.0%) | 56 (75.7%) | 0.22 | 24 (80.0%) | 32 (72.7%) | 0.59 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 103.1±32.0 | 129.0±38.2 | 0.02 | 121.8±28.4 | 133.9±43.3 | 0.18 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 57.5±14.3 | 52.7±16.4 | 0.29 | 52.7±19.2 | 52.7±14.4 | 0.99 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 97 (79–158) | 127 (83–173) | 0.20 | 106 (69–187) | 134 (97–171) | 0.14 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.0±1.0 | 6.2±0.7 | 0.19 | 6.3±0.8 | 6.2±0.6 | 0.54 |
| High-sensitivity CRP, mg/L | 1.11 (0.46–1.70) | 1.45 (0.70–2.90) | 0.30 | 1.13 (0.49–2.72) | 1.56 (0.73–3.02) | 0.34 |
Notes: Data are means ± SD, median values (25th–75th percentile range) or n (%).
P-value represent comparisons of ACS patients and control, and
P-value represent comparisons of ACS patients with TCFA vs ACS patients without TCFA and were calculated by the unpaired t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, or Fisher’s exact test.
Abbreviations: ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ACS, acute coronary syndromes; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; CAD, coronary artery disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HMG-CoA RIs, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction; TCFA, thin-cap fibroatheroma.