Figure 1.

Pathophysiology and management of heart failure and cirrhosis. The RAAS is central to the maladaptive response in both states. In patients with heart failure, multiple RAAS‐modifying agents, including beta‐blockers, ACEis, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and MRAs, are concurrently used with significant mortality benefit. However, in the setting of vasodilation from excess nitric oxide, the use of neurohormonal modulators has been limited in cirrhosis. Abbreviations: ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; LVAD, left ventricular assist device.