A more comprehensive understanding of the economic models that exist for the management of heart failure is needed.

This systematic literature review identified numerous publications that documented the various decision analytic modelling approaches, with a Markov cohort model the approach most commonly used to assess economic and societal implications in the heart failure setting.

The majority of included studies employed New York Heart Association (NYHA) disease classifications to establish disease severity for modelling purposes.

Further investigation is warranted to help underline the utility of reliable candidates of disease progression and their use in decision analytic models to provide a more precise estimate of the costs incurred while also guiding clinical decision making in the management of heart failure.