Table 1. Socio-demographic and disease characteristics of hospitalized patients with bacterial infection in the internal medicine ward of TASH in 2014, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| Variables | Wards, N = 282 (Freq, %) | ICU, N = 41 (Freq, %) | Total, N = 323 (Freq, %) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average age (mean ± standard deviation (range)) | 41.7± 17.7 (18–85) | 42.9 ± 18.9 (18–84) | 41.8± 17.8 (18–85) |
| Sex of patient | |||
| Female | 149 (52.8) | 20(48.8) | 169(52.3) |
| Male | 133(47.2) | 21(51.2) | 154(47.7) |
| Admission diagnosis (ICD 10)† | |||
| Infectious diseases | 209 (74.1) | 34(82.9) | 243(75.2) |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 45(16.0) | 3(7.3) | 48(14.9) |
| Circulatory disease | 88(31.2) | 23(56.1) | 111(34.4) |
| Neoplasm | 78(27.7) | 2(4.9) | 80(24.8) |
| Signs and symptoms of a disease | 77(27.3) | 8(19.5) | 85(26.3) |
| Endocrine and metabolic disorders | 33(11.7) | 4(9.8) | 37(11.5) |
| Digestive disorders | 18(6.4) | 3(7.3) | 21(6.5) |
| Genitourinary disorders | 23(8.2) | 1(2.4) | 24(7.4) |
| Blood-related disorders | 22(7.8) | 1(2.4) | 23(7.1) |
| Respiratory disorders | 20(7.1) | 6(14.6) | 26(8.1) |
| Other diagnosis†† | 19(6.7) | 3(7.3) | 22(6.8) |
| Abnormal organ functions | |||
| Abnormal Renal Function Test | 35(12.4) | 11(26.8) | 46 (14.2) |
| Glomerular filtration rate below 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 21(7.4) | 6(14.6) | 27 (8.4) |
| Microbiologic reports | |||
| Gram stain reported | 36 (12.8) | 11(26.8) | 47(14.6) |
| Culture reported | 34(12.1) | 4(10.81) | 38 (14.9) |
| susceptibility was done* | 9(81.8) | 1(100) | 10(83.3) |
| Origin of infection ♦ | |||
| Community-acquired | 80 (28.4) | 9(21.9) | 89(27.6) |
| Hospital-acquired | 35(12.4) | 10(24.4) | 45(13.9) |
| Unknown | 167(59.2) | 22(53.6) | 189(58.5) |
| MDR risk ♦ ♦ | |||
| Absent | 7(2.5) | 2(4.9) | 9(2.8) |
| Present | 28(9.9) | 12(29.3) | 40(12.4) |
| Not enough evidence | 247(87.6) | 27(65.8) | 274(84.8) |
| Immunocompromised ♦ ♦ ♦ | |||
| Yes | 121(42.9) | 7(17.1) | 128(39.6) |
| No | 161(57.1) | 34(82.9) | 195(60.4) |
†a given patient may have >1 diagnosis, based on the International classification of disease (ICD);
††Other Diagnosis in wards: Drug adverse outcomes (8), Seizure/Epilepsy (4), gynecology (3), Arthritis (2), Communicable hydrocephalus (1) & Cholestatic calculi (1); ICU: Injury (2) Drug-related adverse outcomes (1));
*Denominator-all positive culture reports-12 for the total, 11 in the wards and 1 in the ICU;
♦ Origin of infection was classified based on the source of the infection labeled by the physician;
♦ ♦ Multi-drug resistance risk (MDR) criteria: prior antibiotic receipt in the past 3 months, previous hospital admission during the last 3 months, late-onset hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) (as defined by the physicians and/or the date of antibiotic administration relative to the admission date) (i.e. >5 days after admission), and presence of preexisting immunosuppressive disease;
♦ ♦ ♦ patients with febrile neutropenia, cirrhosis, disseminated TB & HIV infection were classified as immunosuppressed.