. 2019 Feb 22;14(2):e0212700. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212700

Table 5. Root and shoot traits of soybean genotypes evaluated under controlled environmental conditions.

Plants were grown in growth columns, and a synthetic hardpan (1 cm thickness) that simulate a compacted soil layer was imposed at 25 cm depth in half of the columns to test the genotypes for root and shoot traits under the presence and absence of a hardpan. Since the genotype-by-hardpan interaction effect was not significant on any traits, main effects of genotype are presented below.

Genotypes	Total root length^† (cm)	Penetrated root length^‡ (cm cm^-1)	Total root surface area (cm²)	Total root volume (cm³)	Fine root^§ length (cm)	Fine root surface area (cm²)	Fine root volume (cm³)	Shoot dry weight (g)	Root dry weight (g)	Water use efficiency^¶ (g kg^-1)
R01-581F	3750±1213^ab	0.135±0.079^ab	494±215^bc	5.37±2.84^b	1750±331^ab	75.5±15.2^abc	0.288±0.061^ab	1.28±0.388^bc	0.65±0.266^ab	2.06±0.43^bc
Boggs	3703±1213^ab	0.121±0.079^ab	475±215^bc	4.96±2.84^b	1803±331^ab	77.9±15.2^ab	0.297±0.061^a	1.41±0.388a^bc	0.57±0.266^bc	2.20±0.43^ab
N06-7023	2942±1213^c	0.104±0.079^ab	406±215^c	5.02±2.84^b	1302±331^c	56.6±15.2^d	0.217±0.061^c	0.98±0.388^d	0.54±0.266^c	1.82±0.43^c
N09-12854	3345±1215^bc	0.031±0.079^b	433±216^bc	4.56±2.85^b	1549±332^abc	67.8±15.2^abcd	0.261±0.061^abc	1.17±0.389^cd	0.60±0.266^abc	1.92±0.43^bc
N09-13890	4107±1213^a	0.173±0.079^ab	622±215^a	7.79±2.84^a	1778±331^ab	76.6±15.2^ab	0.292±0.061^a	1.48±0.388^ab	0.71±0.266^a	2.13±0.43^abc
NC-Raleigh	3369±1215^bc	0.239±0.079^a	500±216^bc	6.07±2.85^b	1391±332^c	60.9±15.2^cd	0.234±0.061^bc	1.51±0.389^ab	0.68±0.266^a	2.44±0.43^a
NTCPR94-5157	3934±1213^ab	0.177±0.079^ab	526±215^ab	5.93±2.84^b	1848±331^a	79.2±15.2^a	0.300±0.061^a	1.28±0.388^bc	0.66±0.266^ab	2.01±0.43^bc
SC-14-1127	3002±1213^c	0.072±0.079^b	435±215^bc	5.37±2.84^b	1358±331^c	59.3±15.2^d	0.228±0.061^c	1.16±0.388^cd	0.61±0.266^abc	2.02±0.43^bc
Crockett	3306±1213^bc	0.041±0.079^b	463±215^bc	5.28±2.84^b	1479±331^bc	64.6±15.2^cd	0.248±0.061^abc	1.38±0.388^abc	0.54±0.266^c	2.10±0.43^abc
SC07-1518RR	3540±1213^abc	0.118±0.079^ab	491±215^bc	5.63±2.84^b	1551±331^abc	67.1±15.2^abcd	0.256±0.061^abc	1.57±0.388^abc	0.70±0.266^a	2.45±0.43^a

Values shown are least square means ± standard errors. Least square means with different letters are significantly different according to the LSD test at P < 0.05.

^†Sum of the lengths of all roots above and below the hardpan.

^‡Ratio between length of the roots below the hardpan and the total length of the roots below and above the hardpan

^§Diameter < 0.25 mm

^¶Ratio between the amount of aboveground biomass produced and water used during a 40-day growth period.