Table 1. Demographic characterization of the sample.
| Characteristics | Ct (N = 75) | CKD (n = 94) | p | KTN (n = 36) | KTR (n = 28) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 34.70% | 59.60% | 0.0021 | 47.20% | 75.00% | 0.0231 |
| Age | 37.88 years (SD = 14.46) | 46.77 years (SD = 13.44) | <0.0011 | 44.92 years (SD = 14.27) | 46.32 years (SD = 13.67) | 0.692 |
| Ethnic group 2 | ||||||
| Mixed race | 10.80% | 9.60% | 1.000 | 8.30% | 17.90% | 0.448 |
| Asian | 1.40% | 2.10% | 1.000 | 2.80% | 0.00% | 1.000 |
| Black | 0.00% | 6.40% | 0.034 | 2.80% | 7.10% | 0.577 |
| Mulatto | 0.00% | 2.10% | 0.503 | 0.00% | 7.10% | 0.187 |
| White | 87.80% | 79.80% | 0.211 | 86.10% | 67.90% | 0.127 |
| Diseases | ||||||
| Hypertension | 16.00% | 90.30% | <0.001 | 54.20% | 45.80% | 0.375 |
| Diabetes | 2.70% | 23.70% | <0.001 | 19.40% | 14.30% | 0.743 |
| Dyslipidemias | 2.70% | 16.10% | 0.004 | 11.10% | 7.10% | 0.688 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 0.00% | 37.60% | <0.001 | 36.10% | 46.80% | 0.450 |
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 0.00% | 14.90% | <0.001 | 44.40% | 55.60% | 0.488 |
| Transplant patients | KTN (n = 36) | KTR (n = 28) | ||||
| Male donors | 41.70% | 50.00% | 0.615 | |||
| Living donors | 41.70% | 25.00% | 0.193 | |||
| Donor’s age | 40.39 years (SD = 12.29) | 48.18 years (SD = 12.07) | 0.0141 | |||
| Previous transplants | 19.40% | 14.30% | 0.743 | |||
| Previous blood transfusion | 50.00% | 35.70% | 0.313 | |||
| Multiparous women 3 | 42.11%3 | 3 | 0.3783 | |||
| Detection of DSA | 5.60% | 21.40% | 0.064 | |||
| HLA mismatches | ||||||
| HLA-A—0/1/2 | 25.00%/41.70%/16.70% | 10.70%/42.90%/35.70% | 0.141 | |||
| HLA-B—0/1/2 | 22.20%/50.00%/11.10% | 00.00%/50.00%/39.30% | 0.0031 | |||
| HLA-DRB1–0/1/2 | 25.00%/50.00%/8.30% | 21.40%/42.90%/25.00% | 0.227 | |||
| Unknown | 16.70% | 10.7% | 0.720 | |||
| Time on dialysis | 38 months (SD = 33) | 55 months (SD = 51) | 0.100 | |||
| GFR | 7.58 mL/min (SD = 3.44) | 7.11 mL/min (SD = 4.86) | 0.662 | |||
| Cold ischemia time4 | 15h:31min (SD = 6h:46min) | 14h:44min (SD = 8h:21min) | 0.754 | |||
Ct: Control group. CKD: Patients with chronic kidney disease. KTN: Kidney-transplant patients with no rejection. KTR: Kidney-transplant patients who developed episodes of rejection. SD: standard deviation. DSA: donor-specific antibody. GFR: Glomerular filtration rate in pre-transplant, calculated following CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation.
1Analyses performed with adjustment for sex and age.
2Ethnicity information was obtained by self-assessment.
3Calculated from the total number of females in the group.
4Calculated only for deceased donors. The cold ischemia time for all living donors was a maximum of 1 hour.