Table 1.
Relations of affective psychopathology among parents and their first-degree relatives to parental expressed emotion (EE).
| High EE (n = 49) | Low EE (n = 46) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group differences in parents’ current affective symptoms (SCL-90) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | t | p | ||
| Depression | 16.90 (10.75) | 10.31 (8.42) | 3.31 | 0.001 |
| Anxiety | 8.69 (6.00) | 4.67 (4.41) | 3.73 | < 0.001 |
| Anger/hostility | 5.27 (3.65) | 3.22 (2.87) | 3.03 | 0.003 |
| Interpersonal sensitivity | 6.81 (4.10) | 5.32 (5.54) | 1.48 | 0.14 |
| Group differences in parents’ lifetime affective diagnoses (FHS) | ||||
| Percent diagnosed | χ2 | p | ||
| MDD | 48.6 | 29.4 | 2.66 | 0.10 |
| Mania/hypomania | 25.7 | 15.6 | 1.03 | 0.31 |
| Anxiety disorder | 34.3 | 20.6 | 1.62 | 0.20 |
| Group differences in parents’ family history of affective symptoms (FHS) | ||||
| Mean severity ratio (SD) | t | p | ||
| MDD | 0.91 (0.82) | 0.52 (0.67) | 2.12 | 0.03 |
| Mania/hypomania | 0.57 (0.53) | 0.33 (0.47) | 2.01 | 0.04 |
| Anxiety disorder | 0.74 (0.73) | 0.41 (0.77) | 1.86 | 0.07 |
Note. For SCL-90 analyses, df = 94 except for anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity, for which Levine’s test estimated unequal population variances; df for these analyses therefore = 88.03 and 81.12, respectively. Some participants were missing family history data. For these analyses, there were 34 participants with high EE parents and 37 with low EE parents. Dimensional mania/hypo- mania variables were square root transformed to address skew. SCL- 90 = symptom checklist-90, revised; FHS = Family History Screen; MDD = major depressive disorder.