The resistance status of individual populations was determined via bottle testing (see Fig 1 and Figs A-J in S1 File). Populations were classified as resistant when their mortality curves were significantly shifted towards longer survival compared to the mortality curves of the sensitive Rock strain. Resistant populations are marked with red squares, sensitive populations are marked with yellow triangles. The grey circles represent populations that have not yet been tested for this particular resistance. ALA–Alamogordo, CRL- Carlsbad, DEM-Deming, LC-Las Cruces, LOV-Lovington, ROS-Roswell, SOC-Socorro, SUN-Sunland Park. A. resistance map for permethrin, B. resistance map for deltamethrin, C. resistance map for etofenprox, D. resistance map for chlorpyrifos.