FIG 1.

Analysis of IL-1β release and pyroptosis in BMDMs. LPS-primed BMDMs were left uninfected or infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis strain IP6ΔM harboring an empty vector or IP6ΔM/pYopE for 90 min at an MOI of 30. As a positive control, TcdB was used to intoxicate BMDMs for 90 min at a concentration of 0.2 μg/ml. Supernatants were collected and analyzed by ELISA for released IL-1β (A) or by measurement of LDH release for pyroptosis (B). Data represent average values ± the standard errors of the means from three independent experiments. Significant differences compared to results for BMDMs infected with IP6ΔM harboring the empty vector were determined by one-way ANOVA. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.