Fig. 3.

Jumps of P. spumarius from ivy leaves, and tracks left in the leaf surface. (A) Image sequence of P. spumarius jumping from variegated ivy leaf. (B and C) Same leaf stained with methylene blue after the jump in A, showing blue marks at the position of both hind feet during the jump. (D–F) Scanning electron micrographs of damage to leaf tissue left by froghopper spines. Arrows point in the proximal direction of the leg, corresponding approximately to the jump direction; Ta1 and Ta2, indentations by spines on hind left tarsomeres 1 and 2.