Fig. 1.

Overview of convergent gene losses in herbivorous or carnivorous mammals. A strict herbivorous or carnivorous diet evolved several times independently in mammals. The six herbivore and five carnivore lineages are indicated by red and blue backgrounds, respectively. Species in bold font were included in the initial genome-wide screen; species in dark gray font were manually inspected for the presence of shared gene-inactivating mutations. The loss patterns of diet-related genes that are preferentially lost in either herbivores or carnivores are shown by red crosses. Gene losses that already occurred in the ancestor of related species, inferred from shared inactivating mutations, are indicated by red boxes. Animal silhouettes were downloaded from phylopic.org/ and are a courtesy of Steven Traver, David Orr, Oscar Sanisidro, Yan Wong, and Michael Keesey.