Table 1.

Colocalization of centromeres, telomeres, and virulence genes

	Centromeres			Telomeres			Virulence genes
Sample	Contact counts	3D distance	3D visual	Contact counts	3D distance	3D visual	Contact counts	3D distance	3D visual
Pf trophozoites	++	++	++	++	++	++	++	++	++
Pf gametocytes	++	++	+	++	++	++	++	++	++
Pf sporozoites	−	−	−	+	++	+	+	++	+
Pv sporozoites	++	+	−	++	++	+	++	++	+
Pk trophozoites	++	++	+	−	−	−	−	−	−
Pb gametocytes	++	++	++	−	+	+	+	++	+
Py mixed IDC	++	++	+	++	++	+	++	++	+
Bm mixed IDC	++	++	++	++	++	++	−	+	+
Bm tetrads	+	++	++	++	++	++	−	+	+
Tg tachyzoites	++	++	++	++	++	+	−	−	−
Tg bradyzoites	++	++	++	++	++	+	−	−	−

++ denotes P < 0.001 for contact counts and P < 0.001 as well as mean and median pairwise distance less than 0.7 of the respective value from a randomized set of loci on 3D models; + denotes P < 0.05 for contact counts. Two different colocalization tests were used, one based on the statistical significance (37, 47) of contact counts between bins in the Hi-C data and the other based on the distance between bins in the 3D models. The “3D visual” column denotes whether the listed functional elements are tightly clustered (++), somewhat clustered (+), or not clustered at all (−) as a result of visual inspection of the 3D models. Bm, B. microti; IDC, intraerythrocytic developmental cycle; Pb, P. berghei; Pf, P. falciparum; Pk, P. knowlesi; Pv, P. vivax; Py, P. yoelii; Tg, T. gondii.