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. 2019 Feb 10;20(3):736. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030736

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Regulation of the chlorophyll biosynthetic and catabolic pathways in two different C. arabica genotypes. (a) Increase in chlorophyll (Chl; a,b) content in the GPFA124 hybrid at ZT6. Data are means ± SD (n = 6) and were collected during two independent experiments in March 2016 and March 2017. Caturra and GPFA124 are in dark and light gray, respectively. (b) Changes in expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of chlorophyll in the GPFA124 hybrid and inbred Caturra line at ZT0 and ZT6. Genes found without ambiguity in Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica genomes were written on the picture in blue ovals. When differences in gene expression between Caturra and GPFA124 are significant at ZT0 or ZT6 (corrected Bonferroni p-value < 0.05), relative log expression (rle) normalized data are plotted at ZT0 and ZT6. Significant differential expressions are displayed with red and blue asterisks when the GPFA124 hybrid showed higher and lower gene expression, respectively (deseq2, corrected Bonferroni p-value < 0.05). Genes encode the following enzymes: glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminotransferase (CaGSA; Cc10_g12640), porphobilinogen deaminase (CaHEMC; Cc05_g16090), uroporphyrinogen II decarboxylase (CaHEME; Cc05_g11120), coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (CaHEMF; Cc09_g04450), Mg-chelatase(CaGUN5;Cc06_g17100, CaCHLD; Cc01_g06000,CaCHLI; Cc07_g18500), Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase (CaCRD; Cc06_g22740), protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (CaPOR1A; Cc05_g12370, CaPOR1B; Cc05_g06850), divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase (CaDVR; Cc03_g02320), chlorophyll synthase (CaCHLG; Cc06_g01120), chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CaCAO; Cc10_g11980), chlorophyll b reductase (CaNYC1; Cc06_g09730), hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase (CaHCAR; Cc03_g07000), pheophytinase (CaPPH; Cc04_g14700), pheophorbide a oxygenase (CaPaO; Cc01_g10220), red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (CaRCCR; Cc03_g11370). Glu, hlutamic acid; 5-ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid; proto IX, protoporphyrinogen IX; MgPP IX, Mg-protoporphyrin IX; MgPP-Me; Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester; chla, chlorophyll a; chlb, chlorophyll b; RCC, red chlorophyll catabolite; PFCC, fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite; NCC, non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite (Table S2).