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. 2019 Jan 22;20(3):473. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030473

Figure 3.

Figure 3

THD induced autophagy and apoptosis in GBM cells. (A) Cells were treated with indicated concentrations of THD for 24 h and subjected to Western blotting with antibodies against Bax, Bcl-xL, P53, P53 (Ser15), and p21; (B) Cells were treated with THD for 24 h, and Western blotting was performed to evaluate autophagy-related proteins, P62 and beclin-1; (C) Combination treatment with TMZ and THD induced AMPK activation and autophagy in GBM cells. U87MG cells were treated with 200 µM TMZ combined with different doses of THD for 24 h. p-AMPK (Thr172), AMPK, caspase-3, c-caspase-3, LC3-I, and LC3-II were detected using Western blotting. β-actin and GAPDH were used as an internal control. Bar graph represents mean of triplicates ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared with the control group. ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 indicated TMZ (200 µM) vs. Vehicle.