Figure 4.

GPCRs targets of THD. (A) Two databases were used to identify possible pathways involved in THD-induced autophagy and apoptosis by using the ConsensusPathDB pathway analyzer. The most significant pathways include cancer-related pathways, G-protein-coupled protein signaling, senescence and autophagy, DNA damage response, and G1 to S cell cycle control; (B) Candidate protein Fzd1 was validated on GBM8401 and U87MG with 24-h treatment with 5, 10, or 15 µM THD. GAPDH was used as an internal control. Bar graphs represent the mean of triplicates ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group.