| HIF-1 | hypoxia-inducible factor-1 |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| MEK | ERK kinase |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| EPO | erythropoietin |
| Topo-I | topoisomerase-I |
| eIF4E | eukaryotic initiation factor 4E |
| 4E-BP1 | eIF4E binding protein-1 |
| p70S6K | p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase |
| PHD | prolyl hydroxylases |
| VHL | von Hippel Lindau |
| CHX | cycloheximide |