Table 1.

Classification of lncRNAs according to their function.

Functional Type	Cellular Location	Mechanism of Action	Examples	Reference
Guide	Nucleus	Essential for the proper localization of proteins to their site-specific reaction.	XIST, ANRIL	[34]
Decoys	Plasma membrane, nucleus and cytosol	Sequestering regulatory factors (transcription factors, catalytic proteins subunits, chromatin modifiers, etc.) to modulate transcription	GAS5, MALAT1	[35,36,37]
Scaffold	Nucleus	Providing platforms for assembly of multiple-component complexes such as the polycomb repressive complexes and ribonucleoprotein complex.	CDKN2B-AS1, HOTAIR	[35,36]
Signaling	Nucleus	Serving as a molecular signal to regulate transcription in response to various stimuli	TP53COR1, PANDAR	[35,36]
Enhancer	Nucleus	Binding with mediator complex to enhance transcription	HOTTIP, CCAT1-L, LUNAR1	[25,33]