Table 2.
Examples of lncRNAs described in acute leukemia.
| LncRNAs | Classification | Function | Target Genes | Expression Level in Leukemia | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myeloblastic Leukemia | |||||
| IRAIN | Intronic | Intrachromosomal interactions | IGF1R | Downregulated in leukemia cell lines and in patients with high risk AML | [49] |
| UCA1 | Intergenic | Proliferation of AML cells. Oncofetal gene | CDKN1B | Upregulated | [50,51,52] |
| MEG3 | Intergenic | Tumor suppressor gene | P53 | Downregulated | [52,53] |
| RUNXOR | Sense | Chromosomal translocations | RUNX1 | Upregulated | [54] |
| NEAT1 | Intergenic | Myeloid differentiation cells | Unknown in AML | Downregulated | [50,52,55] |
| LLEST | Tumor suppressor | BCL-2 | Downregulated or even not expressed. | ||
| HOTAIRM1 | Antisense | Myeloid differentiation cells, autophagy mechanisms, chromatin remodeling and architecture | HOXA1, HOXA4, CD11b and CD18 | Upregulated | [52,56,57,58,59,60] |
| HOXA-AS2 | Antisense | Apoptotic repressor in NB4 promyelocytic leukemia cells | Unknown | Upregulated | [61] |
| PU.1-AS | Antisense | Involved in the translation of PU.1 | PU.1 | Downregulated | [62] |
| WT1-AS | Antisense | WT1 expression | WT1 | [63] | |
| EGO | Intronic | MBP and EDN expression | [41] | ||
| BGL3 | Intergenic | Apoptosis and DNA methylation | miR-17, miR-93, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-106a and miR-106b | Upregulated | [50,52,64] |
| CCAT1 | Intergenic | Monocytic cell differentiation | miR-155 | [9,52,65] | |
| CCDC26 | Intergenic | AML cell proliferation | c-Kit | [66] | |
| HOTAIR | Intergenic | Apoptosis inhibitor | miR-193a and c-Kit | Upregulated | [67] |
| PVT1 | Intergenic | Proliferation of promyelocytes | MYC | Upregulated | [52,68] |
| ZNF571-AS1 | Antisense | Regulator of JAK/STAT signaling pathway | KIT and STAT5 | [69] | |
| Lymphoblastic Leukemia | |||||
| BALR-2 | Uncharacterized | Unknown | Unknown | Overexpressed in prednisone-resistant B-ALL patients | [70] |
| BALR-1 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Upregulated | [70] |
| BARL-6 | Unknown | Promotes cell survival and inhibits apoptosis | Unknown | Upregulated | [70] |
| LINC00958 | Intergenic | Unknown | Unknown | Upregulated in t(12;21) preB cALL | [70,71] |
| DBH-AS1 | Antisense | Cell proliferation and cell survival | Unknown | Upregulated | |
| RP11-137H2.4 | Uncharacterized | Apoptosis, proliferation, cell migration | Unknown | Upregulated. Glucocorticoids resistance |
[72] |
| ANRIL | Antisense | Cellular proliferation and apoptosis | CDKN2A/B. CBX7, SUZ12 | Upregulated | [52] |
| T-ALL-R-LncR1 | Unknown | Promotor of the formation of Par-4/THAP1 protein complex, and the activity of caspase-3 | Unknown | Upregulated in children with T-ALL | [73] |
| LUNAR1 | Enhancer-like | Promotor of T-ALL proliferation by inducing IGF1R expression. | IGF1R | Downregulated | [50,52,74] |
| MALAT1 | Intergenic | Alternative splicing and epigenetic modification | Unknown | Upregulated Downregulated in vincristine-resistant ALL | [50,52,75,76,77] |
| CASC15 | Intergenic | Cellular survival and proliferation | SOX4 | Upregulated | [48] |