Table 1.

Summary of well-known tubulin inhibitors.

Microtubule Inhibitors	Binding Domains	Cancer Treatments	Mode of Action	References
Paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel)	Taxane-binding	Breast, ovarian, prostate, lung	Anti-microtubule depolymerization leading to mitotic arrest	[12,20]
Docetaxel	Taxane-binding	Breast, non-small cell lung, androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer	Anti-microtubule depolymerization, and attenuation of bcl-2 and bcl-xL gene expression	[21,22]
Colchicine *	Colchicine-binding	Hepatocellular & prostate cancers	Anti-microtubule polymerization. Cell cycle arrest in metaphase	[19,23,24,25]
Vinblastine	Vinca-binding	Testicular, Hodgkins and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, breast, & germ cell cancers.	Induces wedge at tubulin interface causing tubulin self-association into spiral aggregates. Anti-microtubule polymerization, & cell cycle arrest in metaphase.	[17,26]

* Colchicine is often administered for the treatment of gout as it was FDA approved for this condition in 2009. While colchicine has not yet been approved for cancer treatment, it was shown to decrease cancer incidence in male gout patients [25].