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. 2019 Feb 2;20(3):649. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030649

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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IL-18 protection against cancer. (A) Robust proliferation of tumoricidal human γδT cells. IL-18 in combination with IL-2 activates and induces the proliferation of human CD56⁺CD11c⁺ precursor NK cells, which in turn robustly proliferate and activate γδT cells stimulated with γδT cell antigen produced by zoledronate (Zol)-treated monocytes (Mo). (B) Involvement of CLRs-mediated CARD9 inflammasome activation in the induction of colon cancer. Fungi in the intestinal microbial flora activate macrophages through C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which promote Syk to activate caspase-1 via the CARD9 inflammasome. The resultant IL-18 is required for protection against colitis and colitis-associated cancer.