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. 2019 Feb 2;20(3):644. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030644

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Arachidonic acid cascade: Arachidonic acid is a fatty acid that is freed from cellular membranes by phospholipase A2. It can then be metabolized to prostanoids such as thromboxanes (TXA2), prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandins PGD₂, PGE₂, and PGF2a through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. The lipoxygenase (LO) pathway along with hydrolases converts arachidonic acid into leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), and lipoxins (LXA4 and LXB4). Lastly, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase pathway converts arachidonic acid into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs).