| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| UPR | Unfolded protein response |
| PERK | Protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase |
| IRE1 | Inositol-requiring protein 1 |
| ATF6 | Activating transcription factor 6 |
| ATF4 | Activating transcription factor 4 |
| GRP78/Bip | 78-kDa glucose regulated protein/binding immunoglobulin protein |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| NFκB | Nuclear factor-κB |
| OBI | Occult HBV infection |
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