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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 17.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Microbiol. 2018 Dec 17;4(3):447–458. doi: 10.1038/s41564-018-0313-5

Fig. 2. In E. coli, short genomic fragments from the human gut microbiota confer AMP resistance (AMPs) less frequently than antibiotic resistance (ABs).

Fig. 2

a) Functional selection of metagenomic libraries with 12 AMPs (red bars) resulted in fewer distinct resistance-conferring DNA contigs than with 11 conventional small-molecule antibiotics (ABs, blue bars). p=0.002 from two-sided negative binomial regression, n=34 (AMP resistance contigs), n=119 (AB resistance contigs). Red asterisks indicate zero values and ** indicates a significant difference between AMPs and antibiotics. b) Phylum-level distribution (%) of the AMP- (red bars) and antibiotic-resistance contigs (blue bars). In the case of AMPs, significantly more resistance contigs are originating from the Proteobacteria phylum (p=0.015, two-tailed Fisher's exact test, n=110), while contigs originating from the Firmicutes phylum are underrepresented (p=0.033, two-tailed Fisher's exact test, n=110). *Significant difference between AMPs and antibiotics for a given phylum.