Viasus 2011.

Methods	Multicentre prospective cohort study
Participants	Country: Spain Setting: in‐hospital Number of sites: 13 Number of individuals: 197 Inclusion criteria: non‐immunosuppressed individuals admitted for at least 24 hours with influenza A Exclusion criteria: chemotherapy/solid organ transplant/HIV/neutropenia/ICU admission on admission to hospital Definition of influenza: laboratory confirmed (PCR or culture) Influenza type: 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus (H1N1pdm09) Median age (years): no CS group 35 (IQR 28 to 47); CS group 44 (IQR 36 to 53) Male sex: no CS group 73 (53.0); CS group 61 (57.0) Comorbid illnesses: chronic pulmonary disease: no CS 22 (17.1); CS 17 (45.9) Disease severity: number of individuals in high‐risk Pneumonia Severity Index risk classes: CS group 8 (21.6); no CS group 8 (6.4), P = 0.05
Interventions	Groups: compared adults receiving immunomodulatory therapy (n = 68) (CS (n = 37), statins (n = 12), or macrolides (n = 31)) versus adults not receiving immunomodulatory therapy (n = 129) Duration: median days 9 (5 to 13.5)
Outcomes	In‐hospital mortality Hospital‐acquired infection
Risk of bias (Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale)	In‐hospital mortality Selection domain score (max 4): 4 Comparability domain score (max 2): 0 Outcome domain score (max 3): 3 Hospital‐acquired infection Selection domain score (max 4): 4 Comparability domain score (max 2): 0 Outcome domain score (max 3): 3
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