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. 2019 Feb 18;10:52. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00052

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Copyright © 2019 Korkuć, Arends and Brockmann.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison of imputation accuracy between the 1-step and 2-step imputation approach using Beagle for the DSN target population. Two reference panels (30 DSN and “1000 bulls”) were used during the 1-step imputation from 50 k to sequence level. The same two panels were used for the first (50 to 700 k) and the second step (from 700 k to sequence level) in the 2-step imputation approach. The imputation accuracy was calculated as relative Manhattan distance. 1-step imputation using the “1000 bulls” reference panel provided the best mean imputation accuracy (93.2%). The colors refer to the reference panels used for the imputation to sequence level (yellow – 30 DSN reference panel, orange – “1000 bulls” reference panel).