Table 1.

Pathogen and antagonistic characteristics of species or strains belonging to the most abundant genus obtained in maize residues.

	% of total	Plant	Wheat	Maize	Biocontrol
	sequences	pathogen	pathogen	pathogen	activity	Reference for biocontrol activity
Bacterial genus
Sphingomonas	16.0	Yes	No	No	Yes	Wachowska et al., 2013
Pedobacter	6.7	No	No	No	Yes	De Boer et al., 2007; Song et al., 2017
Flavobacterium	5.1	No	No	No	Yes	Gunasinghe et al., 2004
Pseudomonas	3.6	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Hennessy et al., 2017
Janthinobacterium	2.5	No	No	No	Yes	Berg et al., 2001
Sphingobium	1.9	Yes	No	No	Yes	van Bruggen et al., 2014; Fu et al., 2017
Chryseobacterium	1.7	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yin et al., 2013; Sang et al., 2018
Luteibacter	1.7	No	No	No	Yes	De Boer et al., 2007
Luteolibacter	1.5	No	No	No	No
Erwinia	1.3	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Agrobacterium	1.3	Yes	No	No	(1)
Hymenobacter	1.2	No	No	No	No
Dyadobacter	1.0	No	No	No	Yes (2)	Fu et al., 2017
Rhizobium	0.8	No	No	No	Yes (3)	Al-Ani et al., 2012
Fungal genus
Fusarium	17.1	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (3,4)	Ghini et al., 2000; Boari and Vurro, 2004
Epicoccum	13.1	Yes	No	No	Yes	Luongo et al., 2005
Articulospora	9.1	No	No	No	Yes	Sugahara et al., 2008
Microdochium	7.6	Yes	Yes	No	No
Exophiala	7.0	No	No	No	Yes	Duvick et al., 1998
Sarocladium	5.7	Yes	No	No	Yes	Comby et al., 2017
Cryptococcus	4.4	Yes	No	No	Yes	Schisler et al., 2015
Candida	4.2	No	No	No	Yes	Calvo-Garrido et al., 2013
Acremonium	3.1	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (3)	Rajakumar et al., 2005
Phoma	2.4	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Xenobotryosphaeria	2.2	No	No	No	No
Pyrenochaetopsis	2.2	No	No	No	No
Ramularia	0.6	Yes	No	No	No
Hannaella	0.5	Yes	No	No	No
Metschnikowia	0.4	No	No	No	Yes	Manso and Nunes, 2011

(1) Used for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation (Genetically Modified Organisms).

(2) Associated to disease suppressiveness.

(3) Over-represented in Fusarium wilt suppressive soils (Siegel-Hertz et al., 2018).

(4) Non-pathogenic strains.