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The efficacy of immune-based therapies in the eradication of CSCs. The standard anti-cancer therapies are able to affect differentiated cancer cells (DCCs) while sparing CSCs. Novel immunotherapy approaches have shown promising therapeutic efficacy in several type of cancers. Combinations of checkpoint inhibitors (CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibitors) and CAR T cell transfer, in particular, efficiently eliminate the CSCs subpopulation.
