Table 3.
Pain outcomes over time by group
| Baseline |
Week 4 |
Week 12 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain outcomes† | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | Group × Time‡ | 95% CI | P Value | Effect Size§ |
| BPI intensity | ||||||||||
| TAU | 4.72 | 1.74 | 4.90 | 1.82 | 4.40 | 2.07 | 0.004 | 0.06–0.07 | 0.91 | 0.27 |
| Pain module | 4.74 | 1.70 | 4.54 | 1.37 | 4.20 | 1.71 | ||||
| SBIRT-PM | 4.84 | 1.81 | 4.59 | 1.75 | 4.59 | 1.72 | ||||
| BPI interference | ||||||||||
| TAU | 4.82 | 2.50 | 4.57 | 2.47 | 4.15 | 2.37 | –0.015 | 0.09–0.06 | 0.70 | –0.17 |
| Pain module | 5.30 | 2.21 | 4.73 | 2.58 | 4.04 | 2.49 | ||||
| SBIRT-PM | 5.55 | 2.16 | 5.02 | 2.33 | 4.89 | 2.24 | ||||
BPI=Brief Pain Inventory; SBIRT-Pain = Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment–Pain Module; TAU=treatment as usual.
†
Controlling for covariates associated with randomization to treatment.
‡
Compared TAU vs other two groups combined. Negative coefficients reflect more negative linear slopes for combined pain counseling groups. Differences are not statistically significant.
§
Mean difference in group slope estimates/SD of unconditional slope.