Table 3.
Level | Any Chronic Pain |
Chronic Back Pain |
Chronic Headache |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | χ2 | OR | 95% CI | χ2 | OR | 95% CI | χ2 | ||
1 | Gender (1 = female) | 2.06*** | 1.63–2.62 | 307.9*** | 1.72** | 1.23–2.39 | 141.2*** | 3.15*** | 2.12–4.67 | 189.3*** |
Drinking alcohol | 1.19 | 0.98–1.44 | 1.15 | 0.89–1.48 | 1.13 | 0.87–1.47 | ||||
Cigarette use | 1.66* | 1.02–2.69 | 1.05 | 0.53–2.07 | 1.27 | 0.63–2.54 | ||||
Depression | 1.27 | 0.87–2.03 | 1.31 | 0.73–2.36 | 2.18** | 1.29–3.69 | ||||
Anxiety | 1.92 | 0.87–4.23 | 1.89 | 0.77–4.62 | 0.88 | 0.33–2.33 | ||||
PILL Z scores | 1.95*** | 1.78–2.14 | 1.81*** | 1.62–2.03 | 1.84*** | 1.64–2.06 | ||||
Model 1 | ||||||||||
2 | ETISR Z scores | 1.22*** | 1.11–1.33 | 17.1*** | 1.31*** | 1.16–1.48 | 19.2*** | 1.13 | 1.00–1.28 | 3.7 |
3 | ETISR–general trauma | 1.34 | 1.01–1.76 | 4.9 | 1.01 | 0.69–1.47 | 1.5 | 1.41 | 0.95–2.09 | 9.0 |
ETSR–physical trauma | 0.95 | 0.73–1.24 | 0.97 | 0.67–1.41 | 0.80 | 0.56–1.13 | ||||
ETISR–emotional trauma | 0.98 | 0.78–1.23 | 1.21 | 0.89–1.66 | 0.84 | 0.61–1.16 | ||||
ETSR–sexual trauma | 1.02 | 0.80–1.32 | 1.06 | 0.76–1.47 | 0.77 | 0.54–1.09 | ||||
Model 2 | ||||||||||
2 | ETISR–general trauma | 1.50** | 1.17–1.94 | 17.9** | 1.18 | 0.84–1.67 | 16.5** | 1.66 | 1.15–2.38 | 8.2 |
ETSR–physical trauma | 1.08 | 0.85–1.36 | 1.14 | 0.82–1.60 | 0.94 | 0.69–1.29 | ||||
ETISR–emotional trauma | 1.11 | 0.91–1.35 | 1.42* | 1.08–1.87 | 1.03 | 0.76–1.32 | ||||
ETSR–sexual trauma | 1.15 | 0.92–1.44 | 1.24 | 0.93–1.66 | 0.91 | 0.67–1.25 | ||||
3 | ETISR Z scores | 1.18* | 1.01–1.38 | 4.2* | 1.23* | 1.01–1.51 | 4.2* | 1.25* | 1.02–1.54 | 4.5* |
CI = confidence interval; ETISR = Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report; OR = odds ratio; PILL = Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness.
P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, χ2 for the block.