. 2018 Jul 11;20(3):486–494. doi: 10.1093/pm/pny106

Table 3.

Hierarchical logistic regression to predict the odds of chronic pain conditions

Level		Any Chronic Pain			Chronic Back Pain			Chronic Headache
Level		OR	95% CI	χ²	OR	95% CI	χ²	OR	95% CI	χ²
1	Gender (1 = female)	2.06^***	1.63–2.62	307.9^***	1.72^**	1.23–2.39	141.2^***	3.15^***	2.12–4.67	189.3^***
	Drinking alcohol	1.19	0.98–1.44		1.15	0.89–1.48		1.13	0.87–1.47
	Cigarette use	1.66^*	1.02–2.69		1.05	0.53–2.07		1.27	0.63–2.54
	Depression	1.27	0.87–2.03		1.31	0.73–2.36		2.18^**	1.29–3.69
	Anxiety	1.92	0.87–4.23		1.89	0.77–4.62		0.88	0.33–2.33
	PILL Z scores	1.95^***	1.78–2.14		1.81^***	1.62–2.03		1.84^***	1.64–2.06
Model 1
2	ETISR Z scores	1.22^***	1.11–1.33	17.1^***	1.31^***	1.16–1.48	19.2^***	1.13	1.00–1.28	3.7
3	ETISR–general trauma	1.34	1.01–1.76	4.9	1.01	0.69–1.47	1.5	1.41	0.95–2.09	9.0
	ETSR–physical trauma	0.95	0.73–1.24		0.97	0.67–1.41		0.80	0.56–1.13
	ETISR–emotional trauma	0.98	0.78–1.23		1.21	0.89–1.66		0.84	0.61–1.16
	ETSR–sexual trauma	1.02	0.80–1.32		1.06	0.76–1.47		0.77	0.54–1.09
Model 2
2	ETISR–general trauma	1.50^**	1.17–1.94	17.9^**	1.18	0.84–1.67	16.5^**	1.66	1.15–2.38	8.2
	ETSR–physical trauma	1.08	0.85–1.36		1.14	0.82–1.60		0.94	0.69–1.29
	ETISR–emotional trauma	1.11	0.91–1.35		1.42^*	1.08–1.87		1.03	0.76–1.32
	ETSR–sexual trauma	1.15	0.92–1.44		1.24	0.93–1.66		0.91	0.67–1.25
3	ETISR Z scores	1.18^*	1.01–1.38	4.2^*	1.23^*	1.01–1.51	4.2^*	1.25^*	1.02–1.54	4.5^*

CI = confidence interval; ETISR = Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report; OR = odds ratio; PILL = Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness.

P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, χ² for the block.