Table 1.
Specified characteristics of included studies.
| References | Participant | Intervention | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research design | Level of cognitive aging | N | Mean age | Type of intervention | Intensity minutes, frequency, duration | ||
| IP/Con | IP/Con | IP | Con | ||||
| Biasutti and Mangiacotti, 2018 | RCT | H, MCI | 18/17 | 83.39/83.76 | Cognitive music training | Gymnastic activity | 70 min, biweekly, 24 weeks |
| Bugos, 2010 | Control | H | 24/22 | 69.3/67.7 | Group piano playing | Music listening | 45 min, 1/week, 16 weeks |
| Bugos et al., 2007 | RCT | H | 16/15 | 71.4/69.6 | Individual piano playing | No int. | 30 min, 1/week, 6 weeks |
| Chen and Pei, 2018 | RCT | D | 15/13 | 77.3/77.3 | Musical dual-task training | Non-musical cognitive tasks and walking exercises | 60 min, 1/week, 8 weeks |
| Chu et al., 2014 | RCT | D | 49/51 | 82 | Group MT | Usual care | 30 min, 2/week, 6 weeks |
| Doi et al., 2017 | RCT | MCI | 67/67 | 76.2/76.0 | Cognitive music activity | Health education | 60 min, 1/week, 40 weeks |
| Hars et al., 2014a | RCT | H | 23/29 | 76/73.5 | Multitask training | Delayed int. | 60 min, 1/week, 45 weeks/year, 4 years |
| Hars et al., 2014b | RCT | H | 66/68 | 75/76 | Multitask training | Delayed int. | 60 min, 1/week, 25 weeks |
| Seinfeld et al., 2013 | CCT | H | 13/16 | 69.3/69.6 | Group piano playing | Leisure activity | 90 min, 1/week, 4 months |
| Shimizu et al., 2017 | RCT | MCI | 34/10 | 74.9/73.3 | Movement MT | Single-training task (exercise) | 60 min, 1/week, 12 weeks |
IP, instrument playing; Con, control group; RCT, randomized controlled trials; H, healthy older adults; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; D, dementia; Int, intervention; MT, music therapy.