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. 2018 Dec 19;2018(12):CD011689. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011689.pub3

Comparison 29. Oxytocin vs Placebo or no treatment (by mode of birth).

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Death 3 1920 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.1 Vaginal birth 3 1920 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 Caesarean 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2 PPH >= 1000 mL 11 8782 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.51, 0.72]
2.1 Vaginal birth 10 8731 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.51, 0.72]
2.2 Caesarean 1 51 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3 Blood transfusion 8 6717 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.51, 1.12]
3.1 Vaginal birth 7 6643 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.51, 1.12]
3.2 Caesarean 1 74 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4 Severe maternal morbidity: intensive care admissions 1 1950 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.1 Vaginal birth 1 1950 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.2 Caesarean 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5 Severe maternal morbidity: shock 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.1 Vaginal birth 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.2 Caesarean 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6 PPH >= 500 mL 9 7021 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.52, 0.71]
6.1 Vaginal birth 8 6970 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.52, 0.72]
6.2 Caesarean 1 51 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.48 [0.17, 1.40]
7 Additional uterotonics 8 5047 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.43 [0.32, 0.58]
7.1 Vaginal birth 6 4922 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.49 [0.35, 0.66]
7.2 Caesarean 2 125 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.24 [0.14, 0.44]
8 Blood loss 8 3521 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐118.52 [‐141.40, ‐95.64]
8.1 Vaginal birth 6 3396 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐121.22 [‐144.50, ‐97.94]
8.2 Caesarean 2 125 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐42.70 [‐166.12, 80.72]
9 Change in haemoglobin 5 2304 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.68 [‐4.47, ‐0.89]
9.1 Vaginal birth 4 2253 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.19 [‐4.98, ‐1.40]
9.2 Caesarean 1 51 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐3.51, 3.11]
10 Breastfeeding 1 1540 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.95, 1.05]
10.1 Vaginal birth 1 1540 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.95, 1.05]
10.2 Caesarean 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11 Nausea 3 1788 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.82 [0.47, 1.42]
11.1 Vaginal birth 2 1714 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.86 [0.49, 1.51]
11.2 Caesarean 1 74 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.25 [0.02, 3.83]
12 Vomiting 3 2150 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.40 [0.44, 4.41]
12.1 Vaginal birth 2 2076 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.40 [0.44, 4.41]
12.2 Caesarean 1 74 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13 Headache 2 1704 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.56 [0.52, 4.74]
13.1 Vaginal birth 1 1653 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.26 [0.63, 2.51]
13.2 Caesarean 1 51 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 6.74 [0.37, 124.21]
14 Abdominal pain 1 1665 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.80, 1.00]
14.1 Vaginal birth 1 1665 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.80, 1.00]
14.2 Caesarean 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15 Hypertension 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15.1 Vaginal birth 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15.2 Caesarean 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16 Shivering 1 416 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16.1 Vaginal birth 1 416 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16.2 Ceasarean 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17 Fever 1 416 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17.1 Vaginal birth 1 416 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17.2 Caesarean 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18 Diarrhoea 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18.1 Vaginal birth 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18.2 Caesarean 0 0 Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19 Maternal sense of well‐being 1   Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
19.1 Vaginal birth ‐ Women’s perceptions of well‐being at 3 months postpartum: Less energy than before birth 1   Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19.2 Vaginal birth ‐ Women’s perceptions of well‐being at 3 months postpartum: Experiencing (some) fatigue 1   Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19.3 Caesarean 0   Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20 Maternal satisfaction 1   Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
20.1 Vaginal birth ‐ Did management influence positively the childbirth experiences of the mothers? 1   Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20.2 Vaginal birth ‐ Did management influence negatively the childbirth experiences of the mothers? 1   Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20.3 Vaginal birth ‐ Did management make no difference in the childbirth experiences of the mothers? 1   Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20.4 Caesarean 0   Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]