Caliskan 2003.

Methods	4‐arm active‐controlled double‐dummy randomised trial
Participants	1800 women were randomised in a hospital setting in Turkey. The population comprised women of any parity, either singleton or multiple pregnancy, at both high and low risk for PPH, who delivered by vaginal delivery. Exclusion criteria comprised women undergoing caesarean section, or those with gestational age less than 32 weeks or hypersensitivity to prostaglandins.
Interventions	400 mcg plus 10 IU of misoprostol plus oxytocin administered orally plus by an IV infusion versus 400 mcg of misoprostol administered orally versus 10 IU of oxytocin administered by an IV versus 200 mcg plus 10 IU of ergometrine plus oxytocin administered IM plus by an IV infusion
Outcomes	The study recorded the following outcomes: PPH at 500; PPH at 1000; additional uterotonics; transfusion; manual removal of placenta; blood loss (mL); change in Hb; third stage duration (minutes); diarrhoea; vomiting; fever; shivering.
Notes	Contact with study authors for additional information: no. Additional data from authors: no
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated without any blocking or stratification.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Used sealed, consecutively‐numbered opaque envelopes.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "The placebo tablets were similar in size and colour but were not identical in shape to the misoprostol tablets. To minimise this limitation, the preparation and administration of the medication were carried out by a midwife who had not been involved in the management of the patient except for drug administration."
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "The placebo tablets were similar in size and colour but were not identical in shape to the misoprostol tablets. To minimise this limitation, the preparation and administration of the medication were carried out by a midwife who had not been involved in the management of the patient except for drug administration."
Objective assessment of blood loss	Low risk	Investigators appraised blood loss by collection with a sterile steel bedpan and plastic bed linen from immediately after delivery. Gauzes and pads were also collected 1 hour after delivery of the placenta and weighed.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Quote: "The data for 226 patients were excluded because of caesarean deliveries performed after randomisation (n = 206) and the lack of predelivery (n = 6) or postpartum (n = 14, short hospital stay) haemoglobin concentrations."
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	The protocol of the study was unavailable for verification.
Intention to treat analysis	High risk	Those who withdrew from the study after randomisation were not included in the analysis.
Funding source	Unclear risk	Source(s) of funding for the study were not reported.